A study on urban morphology using GIS & remote sensing technique

Urban morphology is the study of the form of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. It is an approach in designing urban form that considers both physical and spatial components of the urban structure. Penang was awarded as Heritage City by UNSECO in July 2008. Penang is well known for its heritage character especially in the city of Georgetown with more than 200 years of urban history. Therefore, the study has conducted in Georgetown, Penang in order to identify the evolution of urban morphology and the expansion of development in terms of land use activity. This paper attempts to review a literature that is related to urban morphology in the context of using GIS and remote sensing techniques. These techniques are most widely used and the development in both technology applications has led to significant improvement in capability for decision making process. Therefore, it will help to investigate the past and present patterns and trends of urban growth in Georgetown, Penang. Thus, this finding would contribute to understand the interrelation between urban morphology study and the applications of GIS and remote sensing and its influence on creating sustainable and resilience of metropolitan area, city, town or even village

Remote sensing in urban sprawl modeling: Scenario and way forward in developing countries

In recent years, the developing countries was deal the use of computer based models of land use changes and urban sprawl which have greatly increased and tend to become important tools in supporting urban planning and management. The modeling recently used in various planning specialization such as economics, transportation, spatial planning, urbanization, ecology, and other social science aspects. However, modeling sprawl phenomena which convergence to remote sensing data has not fully demonstrated lack of common ground and testable concepts. Remote sensing data products have often been incorporated into urban modeling applications as additional sources of spatial data primarily for historical land use history. The objectives of this study to identify recent scenario and way forward of remote sensing tools in urban sprawl modeling based on reviewed of previously studied and urban planning situation in developing countries and Malaysia contexts specificall

Managing urbanisation and urban sprawl in malaysia by using remote sensing and GIS applications

In the global era, more than half of the world population live in urban area. With rapid urbanisation growth where the highest percentage concentrate in Asia, a relevant approach is needed in order to eliminate the possible threat that occurs after urbanisation took place; the urban sprawl. Urban sprawl is a popular term in academic discourse and has a long history but till these days, the concrete definition of this term is not yet configured. Many studies of sprawl have rooted back in non-Asian countries making the solution for sprawl is not suitable to be implemented in term of theories and practice. This research attempts to study the measurement of sprawl by using these geospatial indexes with Remote Sensing and GIS approach. The SPOT-5 images with 2.5 meters resolution were used to analyse the growth of sprawl in Kuala Lumpur metropolitan due to its high urbanisation rate. The findings show that Kuala Lumpur is a sprawling city. It is anticipated that this research will provide a new direction in urban sprawl studies and represent a robust analytic approach for characterizing urban development on the city scale at once as well as promoting a city via Remote Sensing and GIS technology

Identifying factors influencing urban spatial growth for the George Town conurbation

Urban growth, which caused spatial land use and land cover changes has affected various physical environment, social, and economic activities. Thus, in order to understand the dynamic process of urban spatial growth, researchers throughout the world have implemented diverse approaches, where spatial models have been developed to predict and simulate future urban growth. Those models were developed based on the driving forces that stimulate urban spatial growth. Therefore, in ensuring reliable models to be developed will be able to forecast future changes and their potential environmental effects, the driving forces must be identified. The objective of this paper is to identify possible driving forces that promote urban spatial growth of the George Town Conurbation. The study was conducted based on reviewing recent publications in journals and an on-line survey. An on-line survey was generated and distributed to academicians and urban planners to identify factors influencing urban spatial growth and their weights. The findings indicated that distance to public amenities, cheap housing price, and distance to the workplace are among factors that are important determinants of urban development. The results provide valuable insights in modelling urban growth in future research

Monitoring street network using high-resolution remote sensing data for urban morphology study. Case study: The historic city of Melaka

This paper is based on the study of morphological changes in Melaka, Malaysia. In order to identify the morphology of this city, the street network is one of the elements that can help to determine the evolutionary of urban form and structure. The primary objective of this paper is to examine the movement and direction of the street pattern in which influenced the morphology of the city from the year 1993 to 2016. Also, the character of the Historic City of Melaka is strengthened by the unique townscape qualities of the streets and the buildings that shaped the quality of space created by these streets. Thus, three series of satellite images on the year 1993, 2005 and 2015 from SPOT satellite have been used in detecting the development of street network pattern aided by remote sensing and GIS software. This paper will concentrate on extracting the street in 20 years, and a comparison of the street pattern will be taken into consideration to examine the direction of the expansion of Melaka city. The finding shows that the streets expansion growth fast as the more settlement were built along this process. The street expansion was merely influenced by the location of the Melaka which near to Malacca Straits and as a port for trade sector, thus, the movement of streets expanding inwards to the inner city and along the shoreline. In conclusion, street network considers as one of the principle tools in the urbanisation process that provides understanding on how the cities are shaped and develop to have dynamic cities

Integrating satellite temporal analysis for urban morphology study in Melaka

The main objective of this paper is to analyse the changes in land use at Melaka city by different of interval times, which are 1993, 2005 and 2015. Morphology study can be obtained by conducting an analysis through using remotely sensed imagery from SPOT satellite images that offers a great opportunity for measuring and describing the urban morphology. Three classes of land use; built up, green area and water bodies, were successfully classified by using supervised classification method. The changes and expansion of Malacca city in land use changes within 22 years become tremendously develop. Overall accuracy assessment achieved 75% above and the changes of each class were quantified by MapInfo Professional. Built-up area increased from 47% to 56% at the year 1993 and 2005. But then, decreased to 53% in 2015. As for the green area, it significantly increasing from 39% to 41%. Meanwhile, water bodies were decreased because more development happened along the Sg Melaka and Malacca Strait. In conclusion, by monitoring the land use changes in the historical city, it would be a greater help for researcher and authority to control the development of the city in order to create a resilient and sustainable city that offers a good life quality to peopl

Developing dengue index through the integration of crowdsourcing approach (X-Waba)

This research aims at improving the existing dengue indices by developing an algorithm that would use the variables affecting positively the vector’s lifecycle and monitoring them daily to generate an improved Dengue Index that would help forewarn on the high possibility of a dengue outbreak. Researchers attempted to identify the factors influencing the behaviour of the mosquito carrier of the virus in the epidemiological context by generating indices based on the number of mosquitos caught in a given number of traps set within a small urban area or based on the number of mosquitoes found in a household. The House (premises) Index (HI), the Container Index (CI) and the Breteau Index (BI) have been described as not effective in predicting dengue outbreaks. The main drawback of these methods is the fact that they do not consider other variables associated with the vector’s lifecycle, landing habit and geographical extents. The developed index would use crowdsourcing data as an additional tool for the citizens to get involved in providing spatial information and specific attributes for more accurate predictions. Using the data published by the ministry of health Malaysia in the years of 2014 and 2015 for the state of Selangor, the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya compared with other data; namely, the temperatures, rainfall and moon cycles. Our findings using the time series method of the improved dengue index show a correlation with the dengue cases time series. The crowdsourcing app would in the future further enhance the identification of the hot spots with high dengue fever probabilities. In conclusion, displaying spatially on a map such forecasts approximately 50 days before the occurrence of the outbreak would be beneficial for authorities to carry out preventive measures

Density Indexes in Determining an Urban Sprawl using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques.

Urban density represents the amount of land occupied by a number of residents and an important factor in understanding how cities function. It is one of the essential components in measuring urban sprawl. The urban density index provides a measure of how much land is consumed per capita for a patch of new development. It is commonly asserted that higher density cities are more sustainable than low density cities because it consumes more land for each resident leaving less of the landscape able to function in other capacities. While some researcher argue that low-density urban area contributed to sprawl, others have counter that higher density results in more negative impact. Characterizing urban sprawl by using density index requires suitable and proper technique. This research attempts to study the measurement of sprawl by using density index with Remote Sensing and Geo-information System (GIS) approach. The SPOT-5 images with 2.5 meters resolution were used and combined with GIS database to analyse the growth of sprawl in Kuala Lumpur metropolitan due to its high-density development. To achieve a better urban development and infrastructure planning in the future, it is crucial for the City Hall to know sprawl phenomenon in Kuala Lumpur, its types, distribution, factors, and the way it is likely to move in the years to come. By using Remote Sensing and GIS, high density area and low density area in Kuala Lumpur can be analysed and compared. The findings show that Kuala Lumpur is a sprawling city. Suitable measures can be adopted by responsible authority to overcome urban sprawl issues in Kuala Lumpur. It is anticipated that this research will provide a new direction in urban sprawl studies and represent a robust analytic approach for characterizing urban development in the city scale at once as well as promoting a city via Remote Sensing and GIS technology

Land cover change detection analysis on urban green area loss using GIS and remote sensing techniques

The loss of green area has been rising all over the world particularly in big cities. For a number of decades, urban sprawl and developments have changed the natural landscapes of urban areas where areas with green areas have been converted into built up developments and other land uses. Thus this research intends to study the changes of green areas in Kuala Lumpur based on land use detection analysis approach where 3 series of remote sensing images namely SPOT2, SPOT4 and IKONOS for year 1990, 2001 and 2010 have been used to acquire the data on the green area changes aided by ERDAS IMAGINE 2011 and ARGIS 9.2. The finding of the study shows that there is a decrease in the size of green area in Kuala Lumpur from year 1990-2010 due to pressure of urban developments. Two significant factors which contribute to the changes of green area in Kuala Lumpur have been identified in the study, which are the increase in built up areas and sprawl development pattern